RESUMEN Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo identificar y cuantificar las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero (GEI) de una fábrica del sector siderúrgico, considerando la importancia de estos datos en el contexto de grandes emisiones globales de GEI. Como resultado, se identificó que las emisiones del Ámbito 1 eran las más altas de la industria, representando más de 89% de las emisiones totales en CO2eq. Este escenario se identifica principalmente por la configuración de la matriz energética brasileña, que contribuye a reducir las emisiones del Ámbito 2. La metodología abordada (GHG Protocol v. 2018.1.4) resultó adecuada para el cálculo de emisiones destinado un informe más amplio (cantidad anual). Sin embargo, con el fin de desarrollar un indicador para la organización, con datos detallados mensuales, fue necesario adecuar la herramienta, que la contribuciónl de este trabajo.

ABSTRACT This work aimed to identify and quantify greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions of a steel factory, considering the importance of these data in the context of large global GHG emissions. As a result, Scope 1 emissions were identified as the highest in the industry, representing more than 89% of total emissions in CO2eq. This scenario is mainly identified a result of the Brazilian energy matrix configuration, which contributes to reduce Scope 2 emissions. The used methodology (GHG Protocol v. 2018.1.4) proved to be appropriate for calculating emissions within a broader report (annual amount). However, in order to develop an indicator for the organization, with monthly detailed data, it was necessary to adapt the tool, which is the differential of this work.

Foi realizado um estudo comparativo entre três alumínios de pureza comercial com diferentes níveis de pureza - AA1100 (99,00%), AA1050 (99,50%) e AA1070 (99,70%), produzidos em escala industrial pelo processo semicontínuo ou Direct Chill (DC) - e o alumínio superpuro, AA1199 (99,995%), produzido em laboratório. Foram utilizadas várias técnicas de análise microestrutural: microscopia óptica convencional, microscopia eletrônica de varredura, microscopia óptica com luz polarizada, medidas de condutividade elétrica e dureza Vickers. Os três alumínios de pureza comercial apresentaram encruamentos crescentes e condutividade elétrica decrescentes com o aumento da quantidade de impurezas.

A comparative study was carried out among three commercial purity aluminums with different levels of purity: AA1100 (99.00%), AA1050 (99.50%) and AA1070 (99.70%), produced on an industrial scale by Direct Chill (DC) process, and super pure aluminum, AA1199 (99.995%) produced in the laboratory. Several techniques of microstructural analysis were used: conventional optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, optical microscopy with polarized light, measurements of electrical conductivity and Vickers hardness. The three commercial purity aluminums showed an increase in work hardening and a decrease in electrical conductivity as the impurity content increased.

The effect of non-random nuclei location and the efficiency of microstructural descriptors in assessing such a situation are studied. Cellular automata simulation of recrystallization in two dimensions is carried out to simulate microstrutural evolution for nuclei distribution ranging from a periodic arrangement to clusters of nuclei. The simulation results are compared in detail with microstrutural descriptors normally used to follow transformation evolution. It is shown that the contiguity is particularly relevant to detect microstructural deviations from randomness. This work focuses on recrystallization but its results are applicable to any nucleation and growth transformation.